Skip to Main Content

English Research Guide

Finding and Evaluating Sources


Once you have a clear research question, the next step is to find reliable sources that help you explore it in depth. Research depends on using high-quality materials — such as scholarly articles, books, and credible websites — that provide insight and evidence to support your ideas.

As you begin your search, you’ll learn to tell the difference between primary sources (the original works you’re studying) and secondary sources (analyses and interpretations by scholars). You’ll also practice evaluating each source for its reliability, relevance, and accuracy to ensure that the information you include in your project is trustworthy.

Taking the time to find and evaluate your sources carefully will make your research stronger and your arguments more convincing.

Finding Sources


Once you have a focused research question, it’s time to start finding materials that will help you answer it. Look for scholarly articles, books, and credible websites that provide analysis, interpretation, or background information related to your topic.

Where to Search:

  • Library Catalog: Use the Discover Catalog to find books, e-books, media, and much more related to authors, works, or literary movements. You can filter results by resource type, subject, date, format, and much more. Many items can be accessed directly online with your EUID, allowing you to download chapters, search within the text, and save citations.
  • Library Databases: Databases contain scholarly articles and critical essays written by experts. UNT has access to over 600 databases for you to explore.
    • Try using keywords from your topic or question, and combine them with Boolean operators like AND, OR, and NOT to refine your search.
  • Special Collections: Provide access to digitized manuscripts, letters, first editions, images, and other primary sources that offer historical and cultural context for literary research.

Tip: Keep track of each source you find — note the title, author, publication, and database. This makes creating your bibliography much easier later.

Interlibrary Loan

If the library doesn’t have the book, article, or other material you need, you can request it through the library’s Interlibrary Loan portal (Illiad). This service allows you to borrow items from other libraries at no cost.

Recommended Databases

EBSCOhost.

EBSCOhost Provides access to various EBSCO databases which can all be searched simultaneously.

JSTOR

JSTOR provides full-text access to thousands of scholarly journals, books, and primary sources across many disciplines, with coverage often starting from a journal’s first issue but sometimes excluding the most recent volumes.

Project Muse

Project MUSE provides full-text access to scholarly books and journals in the humanities and social sciences from university presses and academic publishers.

Credo reference

Credo Reference provides full-text access to over 675 reference books (including encyclopedias, dictionaries, and biographies) covering all major subjects.

Academic search complete

Academic Search Complete provides full-text access to over 10,500 scholarly journals across a wide range of disciplines, including the humanities, social sciences, sciences, and education.

MLA international bibliography

MLA International Bibliography indexes scholarly articles, books, and dissertations in literature, language, linguistics, folklore, and related fields, providing comprehensive coverage from 1926 to the present.

ERIC via EBSCOhost

ERIC provides access to education research and resources, indexing journal articles and reports from over 1,000 publications, with coverage dating from 1966 to the present.

Legal collection

Legal Collection provides full-text access to scholarly law journals, law reviews, and legal news publications, with coverage varying by title.

MLA international bibliography

MLA International Bibliography provides citations to scholarly articles, books, and dissertations in literature, language, linguistics, folklore, and related fields, with coverage from 1926 to the present.

Literature resource center

Literature Resource Center provides full-text access to scholarly articles, critical essays, biographies, and overviews on authors, their works, and literary movements across all time periods and genres.

Understanding Primary vs. Secondary Sources 


When you begin research, one of the first things you’ll encounter is the difference between primary and secondary sources. Knowing how to tell them apart helps you choose the best evidence for your project.

Use the tabs below to learn more about primary and secondary sources.

Primary sources are first-hand accounts or direct evidence about a topic. They are created at the time an event happened, or by someone who experienced it. Think of them as being “closest to the action.”

Examples:

  • Historical documents (like government records, laws, or treaties)
  • Newspaper reports, by reporters who witnessed an event or who quote people who did
  • Diaries, letters, speeches, or interviews
  • Photographs, videos, or audio recordings
  • Original research studies or experiments
  • Datasets or survey data collected first-hand (like census or economic statistics)
  • Artworks, novels, or performances

When you use a primary source, you’re analyzing the raw material yourself.

Secondary sources are interpretations, explanations, or analyses of primary sources. They’re one step removed from primary sources, providing commentary or context rather than direct evidence.

Examples:

  • Most books about a topic (including textbooks and encyclopedias)
  • Journal articles that review or analyze studies
  • Documentaries (though they often include photos or video portions that can be considered primary sources)
  • Literature reviews

Secondary sources are useful because they summarize and connect ideas, helping you see the bigger picture.

Ask yourself:

  • Was this created by someone who directly experienced the event or collected the data? → Primary
  • Or is this someone analyzing, explaining, or retelling what happened? → Secondary

Both types of sources are important in research. Primary sources give you direct evidence, while secondary sources help you understand and interpret that evidence. Together, they make your work stronger.

Evaluating Sources for Credibility


Finding information is easy. Knowing whether you can trust it is the real challenge. In today’s information-rich world, sources vary widely in reliability. Some are well-researched and credible, while others may be outdated, misleading, or influenced by hidden agendas.

Evaluating the sources you plan to use is a critical step in any research process. As you search for information, you’ll also need to assess each source’s credibility - determining where to look, how to identify trustworthy material, and how to cross-check what you find. Developing this skill is essential not only for your course papers, but also for making informed decisions in everyday life.

Because of this, taking time to evaluating your sources is crucial. Consider whether each source is trustworthy, current, and appropriate for your topic before incorporating it into your work.

Key Considerations

Authorship

  • What authority does the author have?
  • Biographical details such as position, experience, and institutional affiliation
  • Education and reputation in the field

Accuracy

  • What validates the information?
  • Organization of the data
  • Research methods used and whether the methodology fits the topic
  • Whether the study could be replicated
  • Sources are cited and accessible

Point of View or Bias

  • Check whether the source has an agenda or vested interest
  • Corporate sources may present information positively or promote products
  • Political sources may frame issues from a specific perspective

Knowledge of the Literature

  • Shows the author’s scholarship and understanding of their field
  • Presence of a bibliography
  • Discussion of the strengths and limitations of the research
  • Information fits logically within existing conversations

Currency

  • How up-to-date is the information?

Publishing Body

Has the information been peer-reviewed or otherwise screened?

The following video provides more information about what it means for a source to be credible and why it's important to use these sources.

Staying Organized


Research often involves juggling dozens of articles, books, and websites — so staying organized from the start will save you time (and stress!) later. It also helps you keep track of what each source says and how it connects making writing easier later.

Keep a Source Tracker

If you prefer something simple, use a Google Sheet, Word table, or notebook to log your sources.
Include columns for:

  • Author / Title / Year
  • Where you found it (database, website, etc.)
  • Key ideas or quotes (include page numbers)
  • How it connects to your topic

Take Notes

In addition to tracking your sources, it’s helpful to take a few notes on each one you read. Consider including:

  • A brief summary of the main ideas
  • Key details (e.g., participants, methodology, results, or future research)
  • Your own thoughts, questions, or reactions

Keeping your notes connected to each source will make it easier to integrate evidence smoothly into your writing and avoid plagiarism later on.