Summarizing

Paraphrasing

Quoting

• Must reference the original source
• The text is much shorter than the original text. (For example, one may write a single page to summarize a four-page article.)
• Must use your own words, usually with a very limited use of quotations.

• Must reference the original source
• The text produced may be shorter or longer than the original text

• Must use your own words

• Must reference the original source
• The text produced is the exact length of the original text quoted (unless ellipses are used)

• Use the original author’s exact words
• Put quotation marks around the original author’s exact words
• Include the page number of the original source from which you borrowed the author’s original language.