The Indian Census Rolls were compiled by the Bureau of Indian Affairs between 1885 and 1940. They were microfilmed by the National Archives and are available at regional branches as microfilm publication M595, in 692 rolls, are also available at many state and local history and genealogy centers and online via Ancestry and Fold3 (subscription databases).

Information gathered varies by year and jurisdiction, but usually includes English and/or Indian name, tribal roll number, age or date of birth, sex, and relationship to head of household. Beginning in 1930, the censuses also show degree of Indian blood, marital status, place of residence, and other information.

The original Indian census rolls are held by the National Archives. For a description of their holdings, see American Indians in Census Records.